Independent Living, Politics and Policy in the United Kingdom: A Social Model Account
Main Article Content
Keywords
capitalism, independent living, politics
Abstract
This paper provides a social model of disability inspired analysis of the philosophy of independent living and its implications for policy developments for disabled people in the United Kingdom. It is argued that the policy changes needed for disabled people’s meaningful emancipation pose a direct challenge to current thinking on disability policy in particular and capitalist development in general.
References
Abberley, P. (2002). Work, disability and European social theory. In C. Barnes, M. Oliver, & L. Barton (Eds.), Disability studies today (pp. 120 – 139). Cambridge: Polity.
Alonso, J. V. G. (Ed.). (2003). El movimiento de vida indepeniente. Madrid:Foundacion Luis Vibes. Barnes, C. (2004, December). Direct payments and their futures. Independently, 2-3.
Barnes, C. (2003, December 3). ‘Work’ is a four letter word? Disability, work and welfare presentation. Paper presented at the meeting of the Working Futures: Policy, Practice and Disabled People’s Employment Conference, University of Sunderland, United Kingdom.
Barnes, C. (1991). Disabled people in Britain and discrimination: A case for anti- discrimination legislation. London: Hurst and Co.
Barnes, C., & Mercer, G. (2003). Disability. Cambridge: Polity.
Barnes, C., Mercer, G., & Morgan, H. (2000). Creating independent futures: An evaluation of services led by disabled people. Stage one report. Leeds: The Disability Press.
Bracking, S. (1993). An introduction to independent living. In C. Barnes (Ed.), Making our own choices (pp. 11-14). Belper: The British Council of Disabled People.
Campbell, J., & Oliver, M. (1996). Disability politics: Understanding our past, changing our future. London: Routledge.
Charlton, J. I. (1998). Nothing about us without us: Disability oppression and empowerment. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Commission for Social Care Inspection. (2004). Direct payments: What are the barriers? London: Author.
Disability Rights Commission. (2004). Disability Rights Commission. Retrieved from www.drc-gb.org/
Drake, R. (1999). Understanding disability policy. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
European Commission. (2003, October 30). Communication of 30 October 2003 from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. Equal opportunities for people with disabilities: A European action plan (COM/2003/0650 final).
Finkelstein, V. (1980). Attitudes and disability. Geneva: World Rehabilitation Fund.
Finkelstein, V. (1998, March 3). Rethinking care in a society providing equal opportunities for all. Paper presented at the meeting of the World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland.
Glasby, J., & Littlechild, R. (2002). Social work and direct payments. Bristol: The Policy Press.
Gleeson, B. (1999). Geographies of disability. London: Routledge.
Groce, N. (1985). Everyone here spoke sign language: Hereditary deafness on Martha’s Vineyard. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Hasler, F., Campbell, J., & Zarb, G. (1999). Direct routes to independence. London: Policy Studies Institute.
Ingstad, B., & Reynolds Whyte, S. (1995). Disability and culture. California: University of California Press.
Morris, J. (1993). Independent lives. Tavistock: Macmillan.
Oliver, M. (2004). The social model in action: If I had a hammer. In C. Barnes & G. Mercer (Eds.), Implementing the social model of disability: Theory and research (pp. 18-31). Leeds: The Disability Press.
Oliver, M. (1990). The politics of disablement. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
Oliver, M., & Barnes, C. (1998). Disabled people and social policy: From exclusion to inclusion. London: Longman.
Priestley, M. (1998). Constructions and creations: Idealism, materialism and disability theory. Disability and Society, 13(1), 75-95.
Prime Minister’s Strategy Unit. (2005). Improving the life chances of disabled people. Cabinet Office: London.
Ryan, J., & Thomas, F. (1980). The politics of mental handicap. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Scheer, J., & Groce, N. (1988). Impairment as a human constant: Cross-cultural and historical perspectives on variation. Journal of Social Issues, 44(1), 23-37.
Shakespeare, T., & Watson, N. (2002). The social model of disability: An outmoded ideology. Research in Social Science and Disability, 2, 9-28.
Stiker, H. J. (1998). A history of disability. Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Press.
Stone, E. (Ed.). (1999). Disability and development: Learning from action and research in the majority world. Leeds: The Disability Press.
Union of the Physically Impaired Against Segregation. (1975). Fundamental principles of disability. London: Author.
Watson, N. (2002). Well I know this is going to sound very strange to you, but I don’t see myself as a disabled person: Identity and disability. Disability and Society, 17(5), 509–528.
Wilde, O. (1966). The soul of man under socialism. In J. G. Foreman (Ed.), Complete Works of Oscar Wilde (pp. 1079–1104). London: Collins
Williams, G. (1984). The movement for independent living: An evaluation and critique. Sociology of Health and Illness, 6, 175-200.
World Health Organization. (2001). Rethinking care from disabled people’s perspectives. Geneva: Author.
World Health Organization. (1999).International classification of functioning disability and health. Geneva: Author.
(Other relevant literature can be down- loaded free from the Disability Archive UK at: http://www.leeds.ac.uk/disability-studies/ar- chiveuk/index.html)
(An earlier version of this paper was presented at the “Social Care Institute for Excellence” Conference on Independent Living: Copthorne Tara Hotel, London, 22nd November 2004).
Alonso, J. V. G. (Ed.). (2003). El movimiento de vida indepeniente. Madrid:Foundacion Luis Vibes. Barnes, C. (2004, December). Direct payments and their futures. Independently, 2-3.
Barnes, C. (2003, December 3). ‘Work’ is a four letter word? Disability, work and welfare presentation. Paper presented at the meeting of the Working Futures: Policy, Practice and Disabled People’s Employment Conference, University of Sunderland, United Kingdom.
Barnes, C. (1991). Disabled people in Britain and discrimination: A case for anti- discrimination legislation. London: Hurst and Co.
Barnes, C., & Mercer, G. (2003). Disability. Cambridge: Polity.
Barnes, C., Mercer, G., & Morgan, H. (2000). Creating independent futures: An evaluation of services led by disabled people. Stage one report. Leeds: The Disability Press.
Bracking, S. (1993). An introduction to independent living. In C. Barnes (Ed.), Making our own choices (pp. 11-14). Belper: The British Council of Disabled People.
Campbell, J., & Oliver, M. (1996). Disability politics: Understanding our past, changing our future. London: Routledge.
Charlton, J. I. (1998). Nothing about us without us: Disability oppression and empowerment. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Commission for Social Care Inspection. (2004). Direct payments: What are the barriers? London: Author.
Disability Rights Commission. (2004). Disability Rights Commission. Retrieved from www.drc-gb.org/
Drake, R. (1999). Understanding disability policy. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
European Commission. (2003, October 30). Communication of 30 October 2003 from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. Equal opportunities for people with disabilities: A European action plan (COM/2003/0650 final).
Finkelstein, V. (1980). Attitudes and disability. Geneva: World Rehabilitation Fund.
Finkelstein, V. (1998, March 3). Rethinking care in a society providing equal opportunities for all. Paper presented at the meeting of the World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland.
Glasby, J., & Littlechild, R. (2002). Social work and direct payments. Bristol: The Policy Press.
Gleeson, B. (1999). Geographies of disability. London: Routledge.
Groce, N. (1985). Everyone here spoke sign language: Hereditary deafness on Martha’s Vineyard. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Hasler, F., Campbell, J., & Zarb, G. (1999). Direct routes to independence. London: Policy Studies Institute.
Ingstad, B., & Reynolds Whyte, S. (1995). Disability and culture. California: University of California Press.
Morris, J. (1993). Independent lives. Tavistock: Macmillan.
Oliver, M. (2004). The social model in action: If I had a hammer. In C. Barnes & G. Mercer (Eds.), Implementing the social model of disability: Theory and research (pp. 18-31). Leeds: The Disability Press.
Oliver, M. (1990). The politics of disablement. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
Oliver, M., & Barnes, C. (1998). Disabled people and social policy: From exclusion to inclusion. London: Longman.
Priestley, M. (1998). Constructions and creations: Idealism, materialism and disability theory. Disability and Society, 13(1), 75-95.
Prime Minister’s Strategy Unit. (2005). Improving the life chances of disabled people. Cabinet Office: London.
Ryan, J., & Thomas, F. (1980). The politics of mental handicap. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Scheer, J., & Groce, N. (1988). Impairment as a human constant: Cross-cultural and historical perspectives on variation. Journal of Social Issues, 44(1), 23-37.
Shakespeare, T., & Watson, N. (2002). The social model of disability: An outmoded ideology. Research in Social Science and Disability, 2, 9-28.
Stiker, H. J. (1998). A history of disability. Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Press.
Stone, E. (Ed.). (1999). Disability and development: Learning from action and research in the majority world. Leeds: The Disability Press.
Union of the Physically Impaired Against Segregation. (1975). Fundamental principles of disability. London: Author.
Watson, N. (2002). Well I know this is going to sound very strange to you, but I don’t see myself as a disabled person: Identity and disability. Disability and Society, 17(5), 509–528.
Wilde, O. (1966). The soul of man under socialism. In J. G. Foreman (Ed.), Complete Works of Oscar Wilde (pp. 1079–1104). London: Collins
Williams, G. (1984). The movement for independent living: An evaluation and critique. Sociology of Health and Illness, 6, 175-200.
World Health Organization. (2001). Rethinking care from disabled people’s perspectives. Geneva: Author.
World Health Organization. (1999).International classification of functioning disability and health. Geneva: Author.
(Other relevant literature can be down- loaded free from the Disability Archive UK at: http://www.leeds.ac.uk/disability-studies/ar- chiveuk/index.html)
(An earlier version of this paper was presented at the “Social Care Institute for Excellence” Conference on Independent Living: Copthorne Tara Hotel, London, 22nd November 2004).
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Published
Dec 22, 2014
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Author Biography
Colin Barnes, Centre for Disability Studies at the University of Leeds
Colin Barnes, Ph.D., is a Disabled writer, researcher and activist. He is professor of Disability Studies and founder and director of the Centre for Disability Studies at the University of Leeds, England. He also founded the Disability Archive UK and is cofounder with Geof Mercer of the Disability Press.