Employment of People with Disabilities in the Hotel Sector in Zimbabwe Challenges and Opportunities
Main Article Content
Keywords
disability, employment, hotels, Africa
Abstract
This study seeks to establish the extent to which people with disabilities (PwD) are employed in the hotel sector in Zimbabwe. The study was motivated by the continued emancipation of PwDs globally and increasing acceptance by industry of disability. Using a qualitative approach (interviews with hotel managers), this study reveals that PwDs are not employed in Zimbabwe’s hotel sector. Stigma, lack of information/knowledge about disabilities, and supposed costs related to accessibility are the main challenges to the employment of people with disabilities in the hotel sector.
References
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Gröschl, S. (2012). Presumed Incapable. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 54(2), 114–123. https://doi.org/10.1177/1938965512453082
Haidula, T. (2016). No schools for disabled in pipeline. The Namibian. https://www.namibian.com.na/154163/archive-read/No-schools-for-disabled-in-pipeline
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Houtenville, A., & Kalargyrou, V. (2011). People with Disabilities:Employer’s perspectives on recruitment practices, strategies, and challenges in leisure and hospitality. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 53(1), 40–52. https://doi.org/10.1177/1938965511424151
Houtenville, A., & Kalargyrou, V. (2014). Employers’ Perspectives about Employing People with Disabilities. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 56(2), 168–179. https://doi.org/10.1177/1938965514551633
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Jasper, C. R., & Waldhart, P. (2013). Employer attitudes on hiring employees with disabilities in the leisure and hospitality industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 25(4), 577–594. https://doi.org/10.1108/09596111311322934
Kalargyrou, V. (2014). Gaining a Competitive Advantage with Disability Inclusion Initiatives. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 13(2), 120–145. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332845.2014.847300
Kalargyrou, V., Barber, N. A., & Kuo, P.-J. (2018). The impact of disability on guests’ perceptions of service quality delivery in the hospitality industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(12), 3632–3655. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-06-2017-0362
Kaletta, J., Binks, D., & Robinson, R. (2012). Creating an inclusive workplace: Integrating employees with disabilities into a distribution center environment. Professional Safety. Journal of the American Society of Safety Engineers, 57(6), 62–71.
Khupe, W., Ndlovu, M. J., Shava, G., Zulu, E., & Shonhiwa, S. (2022). Challenges facing progression of disabled persons towards senior managerial positions in the national association of societies for the care of the handicapped member organisations in Zimbabwe. International Journal of Research in Education Humanities and Commerce, 3(2)
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Laabs, J. J. (1994). Individuals with disabilities augment Marriott workforce. Personnel Journal, 73(9), 46–51.
Lang, R. & Charowa, G. (2007). Disability issues in Zimbabwe, Scooping Study. DFID Zimbabwe
Lengnick-Hall, M. L., Gaunt, P. M., & Kulkarni, M. (2008). Overlooked and underutilized: People with disabilities are an untapped human resource. Human Resource Management, 47(2), 255–273. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.20211
Lysaght, R., Ouellette-Kuntz, H., & Lin, C.-J. (2012). Untapped potential: Perspectives on the employment of people with intellectual disability. Work, 41(4), 409–422. https://doi.org/10.3233/wor-2012-1318
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Michopoulou, E., Darcy, S., Ambrose, I., & Buhalis, D. (2015). Accessible tourism futures: the world we dream to live in and the opportunities we hope to have. Journal of Tourism Futures, 1(3), 179–188. https://doi.org/10.1108/jtf-08-2015-0043
Mubaiwa, W. S. (2022). Inclusive tourism for people with a mobility disability in Zimbabwe. Umeå University. Master’s Thesis Dissertation
Mukhopadhyay, S., & Moswela, E. (2019). Disability Rights in Botswana: Perspectives of Individuals With Disabilities. Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 31(1), 104420731987174. https://doi.org/10.1177/1044207319871745
Nickson, D., Warhurst, C., & Dutton, E. (2005). The importance of attitude and appearance in the service encounter in retail and hospitality. Managing Service Quality: An International Journal, 15(2), 195–208. https://doi.org/10.1108/09604520510585370
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Sharma, A., Zsarnoczky, M., & Dunay, A. (2019). Development of individuals with disabilities in the hospitality sector with a focus on the importance of training and skills enhancement at all levels: A Hungarian perspective. Littera Scripta, 12(2). https://doi.org/DOI.org/10.36708
Siperstein, G. N., Romano, N., Mohler, A., & Parker, R. (2006). A national survey of consumer attitudes towards companies that hire people with disabilities. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 24(1), 3–9. https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-vocational-rehabilitation/jvr00311
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Telwatte, A., Anglim, J., Wynton, S. K. A., & Moulding, R. (2017). Workplace accommodations for employees with disabilities: A multilevel model of employer decision-making. Rehabilitation Psychology, 62(1), 7–19. https://doi.org/10.1037/rep0000120
Unger, D. D. (2002). Employers’ Attitudes Toward Persons with Disabilities in the Workforce: Myths or Realities? Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 17(1), 2–10. https://doi.org/10.1177/108835760201700101
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Warhurst, C., NICKSON, D., WITZ, A., & MARIE CULLEN, A. (2000). Aesthetic Labour in Interactive Service Work: Some Case Study Evidence from the “New” Glasgow. The Service Industries Journal, 20(3), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642060000000029
West, M. D. (1999). Book Reviews: The Americans with Disabilities Act and the Emerging Workforce: Employment of People with Mental Retardation by Peter David Blanck Washington, DC: American Association on Mental Retardation, 1998. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 14(3), 187–188. https://doi.org/10.1177/108835769901400308
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Brault, M. (2012). Americans With Disabilities: 2010 Household Economic Studies Current Population Reports. https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/2012/demo/p70-131.pdf
Buhalis, D., Michopoulou, E., Eichhorn, V., & Miller, G. (2005). ACCESSIBILITY MARKET AND STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS One-Stop-Shop for Accessible Tourism in Europe (OSSATE) Title: Accessibility Market and Stakeholder Analysis. https://www.accessibletourism.org/resources/ossate_market_analysis_public_final.pdf
Burnett, J. J., & Baker, H. B. (2001). Assessing the Travel-Related Behaviors of the Mobility-Disabled Consumer. Journal of Travel Research, 40(1), 4–11. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728750104000102
CDC. (2021, January 7). Learn About Disability and Health | CDC. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/disabilityandhealth/
Chichaya, T. F., Joubert, R. W. E., & Ann McColl, M. (2018). Analysing disability policy in Namibia: An occupational justice perspective. African Journal of Disability, 7. https://doi.org/10.4102/ajod.v7i0.401
Chikuta, O. (2015). Is There Room in the Inn? Towards Incorporating People with Disability in Tourism Planning. Review Of Disability Studies: An International Journal, 11(1).
Chikuta, O., du Plessis, E., & Saayman, M. (2021). Universal Accessibility of National Parks in South Africa and Zimbabwe: Park Management Perceptions. Tourism Planning & Development, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2021.1910556
Chikuta, O., Kabote, F., & Chikanya, N. (2017). Tour guides experiences with tourists with disabilities. European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation, 8(2), 130–139. https://doi.org/10.1515/ejthr-2017-0012
Chikuta, O., & Saayman, M. (2017). Nature-based travel motivations for people with disabilities. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 6(1).
China Disabled Persons Federation. (2013). Facts on People with Disabilities in China Background. http://www.oit.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---asia/---ro-bangkok/---ilo-beijing/documents/publication/wcms_142315.pdf
Choruma, T. (2007). The Forgotten Tribe: People with Disabilities in Zimbabdwe. Progressio.
Clifton, M. (1996). Michael Oliver, Understanding Disability: From Theory to Practice, Macmillan, Basingstoke, 1995 ix + 192 pp., hard £37.50 paper £10.99. - Gerald Hales (ed.), Beyond Disability: Towards an Enabling Society, Sage, London, 1995208 pp., hard £35.00 paper £11.95. Journal of Social Policy, 25(4), 590–592. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400024053
Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research design, qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (3rd ed.). Sage.
Darcy, S. (1998). (PDF) Anxiety to Access: Tourism Patterns and Experiences of New South Wales People with a Physical Disability. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235993174_Anxiety_to_Access_Tourism_Patterns_and_Experiences_of_New_South_Wales_People_with_a_Physical_Disability
Darcy, S. (2012). Marginalised participation: Physical disability, high support needs and tourism. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 9(1).
Darcy, S., & Pegg, S. (2011). Towards Strategic Intent: Perceptions of disability service provision amongst hotel accommodation managers. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30(2), 468–476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2010.09.009
Dube, A. K. (2007). The role and effectiveness of disability legislation in South Africa. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/57a08c5ce5274a27b2001155/PolicyProject_legislation_sa.pdf
EUROSTATS. (2005). Population and social conditions: Perceptual distribution of types of disability by sex and age group. EUROSTATS. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JTF-03-2015-0012/full/pdf?title=assessing-the-value-and-market-attractiveness-of-the-accessible-tourism-industry-in-europe-a-focus-on-major-travel-and-leisure-companies
EUROSTATS. (2014). Situation of People with Disabilities in the EU. Eurostats.
González, M., & Luis Fernández, J. (2016). Consumers’ Loyalty Related to Labor Inclusion of People with Disabilities. Frontiers in Psychology, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00885
Government of the Republic of Namibia. (2015). 2015/2016 budget Statement for the 2015/2016 financial year. GRN.
Government of the Republic of Namibia. (2017). Call for quotations for the amendment of the National Disability Council Act (Act 26 of 2004) and the National Disability Policy of 1997. GRN.
Gröschl, S. (2012). Presumed Incapable. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 54(2), 114–123. https://doi.org/10.1177/1938965512453082
Haidula, T. (2016). No schools for disabled in pipeline. The Namibian. https://www.namibian.com.na/154163/archive-read/No-schools-for-disabled-in-pipeline
Hernandez, B., & McDonald, K. (2010). Exploring the costs and benefits of workers with disabilities. Journal of Rehabilitation, 76(3).
Hooi, Y. C. (2001, December 20). Disabled as potential IT workforce. Http://Thestar.com.my/Special/Online/Disabled/Sound.html.
Houtenville, A., & Kalargyrou, V. (2011). People with Disabilities:Employer’s perspectives on recruitment practices, strategies, and challenges in leisure and hospitality. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 53(1), 40–52. https://doi.org/10.1177/1938965511424151
Houtenville, A., & Kalargyrou, V. (2014). Employers’ Perspectives about Employing People with Disabilities. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 56(2), 168–179. https://doi.org/10.1177/1938965514551633
HYDE, M. (2001). Exploring Disability: A Sociological Introduction. Colin Barnes, Geof Mercer and Tom Shakespeare. Cambridge: Polity, 1999, £49.50 (£14.95 pbk), 280 pp. (ISBN: 0-7456-1478-7). Sociology, 35(1), 219–258. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0038038501210153
Jasper, C. R., & Waldhart, P. (2013). Employer attitudes on hiring employees with disabilities in the leisure and hospitality industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 25(4), 577–594. https://doi.org/10.1108/09596111311322934
Kalargyrou, V. (2014). Gaining a Competitive Advantage with Disability Inclusion Initiatives. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 13(2), 120–145. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332845.2014.847300
Kalargyrou, V., Barber, N. A., & Kuo, P.-J. (2018). The impact of disability on guests’ perceptions of service quality delivery in the hospitality industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(12), 3632–3655. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-06-2017-0362
Kaletta, J., Binks, D., & Robinson, R. (2012). Creating an inclusive workplace: Integrating employees with disabilities into a distribution center environment. Professional Safety. Journal of the American Society of Safety Engineers, 57(6), 62–71.
Khupe, W., Ndlovu, M. J., Shava, G., Zulu, E., & Shonhiwa, S. (2022). Challenges facing progression of disabled persons towards senior managerial positions in the national association of societies for the care of the handicapped member organisations in Zimbabwe. International Journal of Research in Education Humanities and Commerce, 3(2)
Khupe, W. (2010). Millions of disabled people struggle to survive. The Zimbabwean. http://www.thezimbabwean.co.uk/news/36210/15-million-disabled-people-struggle-tosurvive.html
Konstantina, K. K., & Katsenis, K. (2018). Hyperhomocysteinemia and Peripheral Arterial Disease in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis. Hellenic Journal of Surgery, 90(5), 242–245. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13126-018-0482-y
Laabs, J. J. (1994). Individuals with disabilities augment Marriott workforce. Personnel Journal, 73(9), 46–51.
Lang, R. & Charowa, G. (2007). Disability issues in Zimbabwe, Scooping Study. DFID Zimbabwe
Lengnick-Hall, M. L., Gaunt, P. M., & Kulkarni, M. (2008). Overlooked and underutilized: People with disabilities are an untapped human resource. Human Resource Management, 47(2), 255–273. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.20211
Lysaght, R., Ouellette-Kuntz, H., & Lin, C.-J. (2012). Untapped potential: Perspectives on the employment of people with intellectual disability. Work, 41(4), 409–422. https://doi.org/10.3233/wor-2012-1318
Makuyana, T., & Saayman, M. (2018). The postulate for the systematic mainstreaming of impairments in Tourism Education in South Africa: A literature synthesis. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 7(5). https://www.ajhtl.com/uploads/7/1/6/3/7163688/article_14_vol_7_5__2018.pdf
Marongwe, N. & Mate, R. (2007), Children and Disability, Their Household’s Livelihoods Experiences in Accessing Key Services, FAO, Rome.
Metts, R. L. (2000). Disability issues, trends, and recommendations for the World Bank (p. SP Discussion Paper No. 0007.).
Michopoulou, E., Darcy, S., Ambrose, I., & Buhalis, D. (2015). Accessible tourism futures: the world we dream to live in and the opportunities we hope to have. Journal of Tourism Futures, 1(3), 179–188. https://doi.org/10.1108/jtf-08-2015-0043
Mubaiwa, W. S. (2022). Inclusive tourism for people with a mobility disability in Zimbabwe. Umeå University. Master’s Thesis Dissertation
Mukhopadhyay, S., & Moswela, E. (2019). Disability Rights in Botswana: Perspectives of Individuals With Disabilities. Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 31(1), 104420731987174. https://doi.org/10.1177/1044207319871745
Nickson, D., Warhurst, C., & Dutton, E. (2005). The importance of attitude and appearance in the service encounter in retail and hospitality. Managing Service Quality: An International Journal, 15(2), 195–208. https://doi.org/10.1108/09604520510585370
Patterson, C. H. (2021). Services marketing : an Asia-Pacific and Australian perspective. Latrobe.edu.au; Frenchs Forest, N.S.W: Pearson Education Australia,. http://arrow.latrobe.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/latrobe:24372
Sharma, A., Zsarnoczky, M., & Dunay, A. (2019). Development of individuals with disabilities in the hospitality sector with a focus on the importance of training and skills enhancement at all levels: A Hungarian perspective. Littera Scripta, 12(2). https://doi.org/DOI.org/10.36708
Siperstein, G. N., Romano, N., Mohler, A., & Parker, R. (2006). A national survey of consumer attitudes towards companies that hire people with disabilities. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 24(1), 3–9. https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-vocational-rehabilitation/jvr00311
Stanley, J., & Stanley, L. (2014). Food Tourism: A Practical Marketing Guide. In Google Books. CABI. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=7-huBgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR3&dq=50.%09Stanley
Telwatte, A., Anglim, J., Wynton, S. K. A., & Moulding, R. (2017). Workplace accommodations for employees with disabilities: A multilevel model of employer decision-making. Rehabilitation Psychology, 62(1), 7–19. https://doi.org/10.1037/rep0000120
Unger, D. D. (2002). Employers’ Attitudes Toward Persons with Disabilities in the Workforce: Myths or Realities? Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 17(1), 2–10. https://doi.org/10.1177/108835760201700101
United Nations. (2006). Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
United Nations. (2008). UN Enable - Ad Hoc Committee - Promoting Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Www.un.org. http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/enable/rights
United Nations World Health Organisation. (2018). International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF). UNWTO.
Warhurst, C., NICKSON, D., WITZ, A., & MARIE CULLEN, A. (2000). Aesthetic Labour in Interactive Service Work: Some Case Study Evidence from the “New” Glasgow. The Service Industries Journal, 20(3), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642060000000029
West, M. D. (1999). Book Reviews: The Americans with Disabilities Act and the Emerging Workforce: Employment of People with Mental Retardation by Peter David Blanck Washington, DC: American Association on Mental Retardation, 1998. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 14(3), 187–188. https://doi.org/10.1177/108835769901400308
World Health Organisation. (2011a). World report on disability. http://www.who.int/disabilities/world
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Oct 27, 2022
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Author Biographies
Oliver Chikuta, Botho University, Botswana
Oliver Chikuta is a Professor and Dean of Hospitality and Tourism Management at Botho
University, Botswana. He holds a PhD in Tourism management from the North-West
University, Potchefstroom, South Africa. He is a researcher in universal
accessibility and accessible tourism with other research interests in nature-based
tourism, agritourism, heritage and cultural tourism. With 15 years of university experience, he is the Founding President of the Tourism Educators and Researchers Association of
Zimbabwe. He has also supervised several PhD and MPhil students in the field of tourism
and hospitality.
Lovemore Chitambara, Great Zimbabwe University
Lovemore Chitambara is a Lecturer at Great Zimbabwe University’s School of Hospitality, Tourism and Culture. He is a PhD candidate at Chinhoyi University of Technology and holds a Master of Commerce Degree in Tourism and Hospitality Management from Midlands State University in Zimbabwe. His research interests are in community-based tourism, accessible tourism and sustainable.
Phanos Matura, Great Zimbabwe University
Phanos Matura is a Lecturer at Great Zimbabwe University’s School of Hospitality, Tourism and Culture. He is the Chairman of Masvingo Great Zimbabwe Publicity Association. He is also a PhD candidate at the Great Zimbabwe University and a holder of an MSc and BSc in Tourism and Hospitality Management from the University of Zimbabwe His research interests are tourism destination management and marketing, small and medium tourism enterprises marketing and management. With more than ten years’ experience of working in the tourism industry in different capacities, Phanos Matura is also a tourism consultant based in Masvingo city, Zimbabwe.