Bullying Victimization of Learners with Disabilities: Basis for the Development of an Anti-Bullying Survival Kit
Main Article Content
Keywords
Bullying victimization, learners with disabilities, Anti-Bullying Survival Kit
Abstract
This explanatory mixed methods study aimed to determine the challenges experienced and the coping strategies employed by high school learners with disabilities who have experienced bullying victimization as basis for the development of an Anti-Bullying Survival Kit. As an output of this study, this survival kit contains insights, strategies, activities, and resources that may help address bullying.
References
Anderson, S., & Swiatowy, C. (2008). Bullying Prevention in the Elementary Classroom Using Social Skills. Retrieved March 20, 2020 from https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Bullying-Prevention-in-the-Elementary-Classroom-Anderson-Swiatowy/e85180553fdfc4fbc5245ecd03f79de91d313135
Andrasik, F., Goodie, J., & Peterson, A. (Eds.). (2015). Biopsychosocial Assessment in Clinical Health Psychology. NY: The Guilford Press.
Blake, J. J., Lund, E. M., Zhou, Q., Kwok, O. M., & Benz, M. R. (2012). National prevalence rates of bully victimization among students with disabilities in the United States. School Psychology Quarterly, 27, 210-222. https://doi.org/10.1037/spq0000008
Blood, G. W., & Blood, I. M. (2004). Bullying in adolescents who stutter: Communicative competence and self-esteem. Contemporary Issues in Communication Science and Disorders, 31, 69–79. https://doi.org/10.1044/cicsd_31_S_69
Bourke, S., & Burgman, I. (2010). Coping with bullying in Australian schools: How children with disabilities experience support from friends, parents and teachers. Disability & Society, 25(3), 359-371. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687591003701264
Card, N. A., & Hodges, E. V. E. (2008). Peer victimization among schoolchildren: Correlations, causes, consequences, and considerations in assessment and intervention. School Psychology Quarterly, 23(4), 451-461.
Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., & Weintraub, J. K. (1989). Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56(2), 267.
Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. (2018). Designing and conducting mixed methods research. USA: Sage Publications, Inc.
Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. (2007). Designing and conducting mixed methods research. USA: Sage Publications, Inc.
deLara, E. W. (2012). Why adolescents don't disclose incidents of bullying and harassment. Journal of School Violence, 11(4), 288-305.
Donoghuea, C., Almeidab, A., Brandweinb, D., Rochac, G., & Callahana, I. (2014). Coping With Verbal and Social Bullying in Middle School. The International Journal of Emotional Education, 6(2), 40-53
Estell, D. B., Farmer, T. W., Irvin, M. J., Crowther, A., Akos, P., & Boudah, D. J. (2009). Students with exceptionalities and the peer group context of bullying and victimization in late elementary school. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 18, 136-150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-008-9214-1
Fekkes, M., Pijpers, F. I. M., & Verloove-Vanhorick, S. P. (2005). Bullying: Who does what, when and where? Involvement of children, teachers and parents in bullying behavior. Health Education Research, 20(1), 81-91. https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyg100
Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1985). If it changes it must be a process: study of emotion and coping during three stages of a college examination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 150–170
Fox, C.L. & Bolton, M.J. (2005). The social skills problems of victims of bullying: self, peer and teacher perceptions. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 75(2), 313-328.
Girdler, S. S., Jamner, L. D., & Shapiro, D. (1997). Hostility, testosterone and vascular reactivity to stress: Effects of sex. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 4, 242-263.
Gordon, S. (2020, March 1). How positive thinking benefits bullying victims. Retrieved March 19, 2020 from https://www.verywellfamily.com/how-positive-thinking-benefits-bullying-victims-460701
Gordon, S. (2018). 4 Traits that help kids cope with bullying. Retrieved March 25, 2020 from https://www.verywellfamily.com/help-kids-cope-with-bullying-460711
Gourneau, B. (2012). Students’ perspectives of bullying in schools. Contemporary Issues Education Research. University of North Dakota, USA, 5(2).
Hallahan, D., Kaufmann, J. & Pullen, P. (2009). Exceptional Learners. 11th Ed. Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc.
Humphrey, J.L., Storch, E.A. & Geffken, G.R. (2007). Peer victimization in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Journal of Child Health Care, 11(3), 248-260.
Kanetsuna, T., Smith, P. K., & Morita, Y. (2006). Coping with bullying at school: children's recommended strategies and attitudes to school‐based interventions in England and Japan. Aggressive Behavior, 32(6), 570-580.
Kendrick, K., Jutengren, G., & Stattin, H. (2012). The protective role of supportive friends against bullying perpetration and victimization. Journal of Adolescence, 35(4), 1069-1080.
Klomek, A.B., Sourander, A., Niemela, S., Kumpulainen, K., Piha, J. , Tamminen, T., Almqvist, F., & Gould, M. (2009). Childhood bullying behaviors as a risk for suicide attempts and completed suicides: a population-based birth cohort study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 48(3):254–261.
Knirk, F., & Gustafson, K. (1986). Instructional technology: A systematic approach to education. New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.
Kowalski, R., & Westen, D. (2005). Psychology. 4th Ed. NJ: Von Hoffman, Inc.
Kristensen, S. M., & Smith, P. K. (2003). The use of coping strategies by Danish children classed as bullies, victims, bully/victims, and not involved, in response to different (hypothetical) types of bullying. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 44, 479-488.
Kuzel, A. J. (1992). Sampling in qualitative inquiry. In B. F. Crabtree & W. L. Miller (Eds.), Research methods for primary care, Vol. 3. Doing qualitative research. Sage Publications, Inc.
Lazarus, R. S. & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Lazarus, R. S. & Launier, R. (1978). Stress-related transactions between person and environment. In L. A. Pervin & M. Lewis (Eds.), Perspectives in interactional psychology, (pp. 287-327). London: Plenum Press.
Luciano, S. & Savage, R.S. (2007). Bullying risk in children with learning difficulties in inclusive educational settings. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 22(1), 14-31.
Meadan, H., & Monda-Amaya, L. (2008). Collaboration to promote social competence for students with mild disabilities in the general classroom: A structure for providing social support. Intervention in School and Clinic, 43, 158-167. https://doi.org/10.1177/1053451207311617
Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook (2nd ed.). Sage Publications, Inc.
Nakken, H. & Pijl, S.J. (2002). Getting along with classmates in regular schools: a review of the effects of integration on the development of social relationships. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 6(1), 47-61.
Ndhlovu, D. (2008). Challenges Faced by Pupils with Disabilities in Accessing Education in Inclusive Schools in Zambia. University of Zambia. Retrieved from https://danielndhlovu.wordpress.com/2009/10/07/challenges-faced-by-pupils-with-disabilities-in-accessing-education-in-inclusive-schools-in-zambia/
Nimbkar, S., & Sonali, K. (2013). Knirk and Gustafson ISD Model. Retrieved November 14, 2019 from https://www.slideshare.net/nimbkarshruti/knirk-and-gustafson-isd-model
Obiozor, W. E., Onu, V. C., & Ugwoebu, I. (2013). Academic and Social Challenges facing Students with Developmental and Learning Disabilities in Higher Institutions: Implications to African Colleges and Universities.
Olweus, D. (2013). School bullying: Development and some important challenges. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 9:751-80.
Olweus, D. & Limber, S. (2010). Bullying in school: Evaluation and dissemination of the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program. The American journal of orthopsychiatry. 80. 124-34. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.2010.01015.x
Paul, S., Smith, P. K., & Blumberg, H. H. (2012). Comparing student perceptions of coping strategies and school interventions in managing bullying and cyberbullying incidents. Pastoral Care in Education, 30(2), 127-146.
Qureshi, E. (2004). Instructional Design Models. Retrieved November 4, 2019 from http://web2.uwindsor.ca/courses/edfac/morton/instructional_design.htm
Rigby, K. (2012) Bullying interventions in schools: Six basic approaches, New York, NY: Wiley-Blackwell.
Roth, S., & Cohen, L. J. (1986). Approach, avoidance, and coping with stress. American Psychologist, 41(7), 813.
Russell, C. K., & Gregory, D. M. (2003). Evaluation of qualitative research studies. Retrieved October 21, 2018 from https://ebn.bmj.com/content/6/2/36
Shetgiri, R. (2013). Bullying and Victimization Among Children. Advances in Pediatrics. 60(1): 33–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yapd.2013.04.004
Sortrakul, T., & Denphaisarn, N. (2009). The Evolution of Instructional System Design Model. The Sixth International Conference on Elearning for Knowledge-Based Society, 17-18.
Swearer, S. M., Wang, C. X., Maag, J. W., Siebecker, A. B., & Frerichs, L. J. (2012). Understanding the bullying dynamic among students in special and general education. Journal of School Psychology, 50, 502-520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2012.04.001
Tugli, A. K, Zungu, L. I., Ramakuela, N. J., Goon, D.T. & Anyawu, F. C. (2013). Perceived challenges of serving students with disabilities in historically advantaged Tertiary institution, South Africa. institution. African Journal for Physical Health Education, Recreation and Dance (AJPHERD), 346-355
Wang, C. C. (2017). Conversation with presence: A narrative inquiry into the learning experience of Chinese students studying nursing at Australian universities. Chinese Nursing Research. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cnre.2017.03.002
Wang, J., Iannotti, R. J., Luk, J. W., & Nansel, T. R. (2010). Co-occurrence of victimization from five subtypes of bullying: physical, verbal, social exclusion, spreading rumors, and cyber. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 35(10):1103–1112.
Young, J., Ne’eman, A., & Gelser, S. (2011). Bullying students with disabilities: A briefing paper from the national council on disability. http://www.ncd.gov/publications/2011/March92011
Andrasik, F., Goodie, J., & Peterson, A. (Eds.). (2015). Biopsychosocial Assessment in Clinical Health Psychology. NY: The Guilford Press.
Blake, J. J., Lund, E. M., Zhou, Q., Kwok, O. M., & Benz, M. R. (2012). National prevalence rates of bully victimization among students with disabilities in the United States. School Psychology Quarterly, 27, 210-222. https://doi.org/10.1037/spq0000008
Blood, G. W., & Blood, I. M. (2004). Bullying in adolescents who stutter: Communicative competence and self-esteem. Contemporary Issues in Communication Science and Disorders, 31, 69–79. https://doi.org/10.1044/cicsd_31_S_69
Bourke, S., & Burgman, I. (2010). Coping with bullying in Australian schools: How children with disabilities experience support from friends, parents and teachers. Disability & Society, 25(3), 359-371. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687591003701264
Card, N. A., & Hodges, E. V. E. (2008). Peer victimization among schoolchildren: Correlations, causes, consequences, and considerations in assessment and intervention. School Psychology Quarterly, 23(4), 451-461.
Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., & Weintraub, J. K. (1989). Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56(2), 267.
Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. (2018). Designing and conducting mixed methods research. USA: Sage Publications, Inc.
Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. (2007). Designing and conducting mixed methods research. USA: Sage Publications, Inc.
deLara, E. W. (2012). Why adolescents don't disclose incidents of bullying and harassment. Journal of School Violence, 11(4), 288-305.
Donoghuea, C., Almeidab, A., Brandweinb, D., Rochac, G., & Callahana, I. (2014). Coping With Verbal and Social Bullying in Middle School. The International Journal of Emotional Education, 6(2), 40-53
Estell, D. B., Farmer, T. W., Irvin, M. J., Crowther, A., Akos, P., & Boudah, D. J. (2009). Students with exceptionalities and the peer group context of bullying and victimization in late elementary school. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 18, 136-150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-008-9214-1
Fekkes, M., Pijpers, F. I. M., & Verloove-Vanhorick, S. P. (2005). Bullying: Who does what, when and where? Involvement of children, teachers and parents in bullying behavior. Health Education Research, 20(1), 81-91. https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyg100
Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1985). If it changes it must be a process: study of emotion and coping during three stages of a college examination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 150–170
Fox, C.L. & Bolton, M.J. (2005). The social skills problems of victims of bullying: self, peer and teacher perceptions. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 75(2), 313-328.
Girdler, S. S., Jamner, L. D., & Shapiro, D. (1997). Hostility, testosterone and vascular reactivity to stress: Effects of sex. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 4, 242-263.
Gordon, S. (2020, March 1). How positive thinking benefits bullying victims. Retrieved March 19, 2020 from https://www.verywellfamily.com/how-positive-thinking-benefits-bullying-victims-460701
Gordon, S. (2018). 4 Traits that help kids cope with bullying. Retrieved March 25, 2020 from https://www.verywellfamily.com/help-kids-cope-with-bullying-460711
Gourneau, B. (2012). Students’ perspectives of bullying in schools. Contemporary Issues Education Research. University of North Dakota, USA, 5(2).
Hallahan, D., Kaufmann, J. & Pullen, P. (2009). Exceptional Learners. 11th Ed. Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc.
Humphrey, J.L., Storch, E.A. & Geffken, G.R. (2007). Peer victimization in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Journal of Child Health Care, 11(3), 248-260.
Kanetsuna, T., Smith, P. K., & Morita, Y. (2006). Coping with bullying at school: children's recommended strategies and attitudes to school‐based interventions in England and Japan. Aggressive Behavior, 32(6), 570-580.
Kendrick, K., Jutengren, G., & Stattin, H. (2012). The protective role of supportive friends against bullying perpetration and victimization. Journal of Adolescence, 35(4), 1069-1080.
Klomek, A.B., Sourander, A., Niemela, S., Kumpulainen, K., Piha, J. , Tamminen, T., Almqvist, F., & Gould, M. (2009). Childhood bullying behaviors as a risk for suicide attempts and completed suicides: a population-based birth cohort study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 48(3):254–261.
Knirk, F., & Gustafson, K. (1986). Instructional technology: A systematic approach to education. New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.
Kowalski, R., & Westen, D. (2005). Psychology. 4th Ed. NJ: Von Hoffman, Inc.
Kristensen, S. M., & Smith, P. K. (2003). The use of coping strategies by Danish children classed as bullies, victims, bully/victims, and not involved, in response to different (hypothetical) types of bullying. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 44, 479-488.
Kuzel, A. J. (1992). Sampling in qualitative inquiry. In B. F. Crabtree & W. L. Miller (Eds.), Research methods for primary care, Vol. 3. Doing qualitative research. Sage Publications, Inc.
Lazarus, R. S. & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Lazarus, R. S. & Launier, R. (1978). Stress-related transactions between person and environment. In L. A. Pervin & M. Lewis (Eds.), Perspectives in interactional psychology, (pp. 287-327). London: Plenum Press.
Luciano, S. & Savage, R.S. (2007). Bullying risk in children with learning difficulties in inclusive educational settings. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 22(1), 14-31.
Meadan, H., & Monda-Amaya, L. (2008). Collaboration to promote social competence for students with mild disabilities in the general classroom: A structure for providing social support. Intervention in School and Clinic, 43, 158-167. https://doi.org/10.1177/1053451207311617
Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook (2nd ed.). Sage Publications, Inc.
Nakken, H. & Pijl, S.J. (2002). Getting along with classmates in regular schools: a review of the effects of integration on the development of social relationships. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 6(1), 47-61.
Ndhlovu, D. (2008). Challenges Faced by Pupils with Disabilities in Accessing Education in Inclusive Schools in Zambia. University of Zambia. Retrieved from https://danielndhlovu.wordpress.com/2009/10/07/challenges-faced-by-pupils-with-disabilities-in-accessing-education-in-inclusive-schools-in-zambia/
Nimbkar, S., & Sonali, K. (2013). Knirk and Gustafson ISD Model. Retrieved November 14, 2019 from https://www.slideshare.net/nimbkarshruti/knirk-and-gustafson-isd-model
Obiozor, W. E., Onu, V. C., & Ugwoebu, I. (2013). Academic and Social Challenges facing Students with Developmental and Learning Disabilities in Higher Institutions: Implications to African Colleges and Universities.
Olweus, D. (2013). School bullying: Development and some important challenges. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 9:751-80.
Olweus, D. & Limber, S. (2010). Bullying in school: Evaluation and dissemination of the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program. The American journal of orthopsychiatry. 80. 124-34. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.2010.01015.x
Paul, S., Smith, P. K., & Blumberg, H. H. (2012). Comparing student perceptions of coping strategies and school interventions in managing bullying and cyberbullying incidents. Pastoral Care in Education, 30(2), 127-146.
Qureshi, E. (2004). Instructional Design Models. Retrieved November 4, 2019 from http://web2.uwindsor.ca/courses/edfac/morton/instructional_design.htm
Rigby, K. (2012) Bullying interventions in schools: Six basic approaches, New York, NY: Wiley-Blackwell.
Roth, S., & Cohen, L. J. (1986). Approach, avoidance, and coping with stress. American Psychologist, 41(7), 813.
Russell, C. K., & Gregory, D. M. (2003). Evaluation of qualitative research studies. Retrieved October 21, 2018 from https://ebn.bmj.com/content/6/2/36
Shetgiri, R. (2013). Bullying and Victimization Among Children. Advances in Pediatrics. 60(1): 33–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yapd.2013.04.004
Sortrakul, T., & Denphaisarn, N. (2009). The Evolution of Instructional System Design Model. The Sixth International Conference on Elearning for Knowledge-Based Society, 17-18.
Swearer, S. M., Wang, C. X., Maag, J. W., Siebecker, A. B., & Frerichs, L. J. (2012). Understanding the bullying dynamic among students in special and general education. Journal of School Psychology, 50, 502-520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2012.04.001
Tugli, A. K, Zungu, L. I., Ramakuela, N. J., Goon, D.T. & Anyawu, F. C. (2013). Perceived challenges of serving students with disabilities in historically advantaged Tertiary institution, South Africa. institution. African Journal for Physical Health Education, Recreation and Dance (AJPHERD), 346-355
Wang, C. C. (2017). Conversation with presence: A narrative inquiry into the learning experience of Chinese students studying nursing at Australian universities. Chinese Nursing Research. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cnre.2017.03.002
Wang, J., Iannotti, R. J., Luk, J. W., & Nansel, T. R. (2010). Co-occurrence of victimization from five subtypes of bullying: physical, verbal, social exclusion, spreading rumors, and cyber. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 35(10):1103–1112.
Young, J., Ne’eman, A., & Gelser, S. (2011). Bullying students with disabilities: A briefing paper from the national council on disability. http://www.ncd.gov/publications/2011/March92011
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Nov 14, 2021
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Pacific Rim 2021 Conference Proceedings
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Author Biography
Ruthell Moreno, West Visayas State University
Ruthell Moreno is an instructor and licensed Special Education teacher from West Visayas State University (WVSU) College of Education in Iloilo City, Philippines where she does research, extension and production activities on various fields such as Special Education, Professional Education and Psychology and Guidance. Also, she was once a teacher-coordinator and Special Education teacher at one private inclusive school before she became a full-time college instructor teaching Special Education and Professional Education subjects to undergraduate, Diploma in Teaching, and graduate school students.
Dr. Moreno finished her Bachelor’s degree in Special Education Major in Teaching Children with Mental Retardation as Summa Cum Laude at WVSU, her Master in Education Major in Special Education at Cebu Technological University (CTU), and her Ph.D. in Education Major in Psychology and Guidance graduating with Highest Distinction at WVSU. She was also top five in the Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET) and was one of the Ten Outstanding Students of the Philippines (TOSP) in 2012. She shows utmost dedication, hard work, and love towards teaching, her students and learners with disabilities, and helping those with disabilities such as those with autoimmune disease lupus has been her passion and advocacy.