Parental Chronic Illness: Current Limitations and Considerations for Future Research
Main Article Content
Keywords
family, chronic, illness
Abstract
For the past fifty years, researchers investigating the impact of parental chronic illness or disability on the family have consistently noted the limited work in this area. Citations spanning several decades are included here to deliberately underscore this fact. The purpose of this article is to highlight this ongoing limitation, as well as a number of ongoing points of disagreement. To this end, issues of insufficient research, contested methodologies, assumptions of pathology, and the divided nature of existing research will be presented. Concerning the latter, for years, studies have appeared in two contradictory perspectives: those which view the families and children of chronically ill parents as at risk, and those who find these families and children developing normally despite profound, atypical stressors. These points seem mutually exclusive, but with current research it is difficult to determine how or where these distinctions occur.
References
Alexander, C., Hwang, K., & Sipski, M. (2002). Mothers with spinal cord injuries: Impact on marital, family, and children’s adjustment.
Archive of Physical and Medical Rehabilitation, 83, 24-30.
American Association on Health and Disability. (2009). Training of health care professionals on issues facing people with disabilities. Retrieved from http://www.aahd.us/page.php?msource=search&msearchstr=family&pname =publications/fact_sheets/TrainHCP
Armistead, L., Klein, K., & Forehand, R. (1995). Parental physical illness and child functioning. Clinical Psychology Review, 15(5), 409-422.
Armsden, G. C., & Lewis, F. M. (1993). The child’s adaptation to parental medical illness: Theory and clinical implications. Patient Education and Counseling, 22(3), 153-165.
Arnaud, S. (1959). Some psychological characteristics of children multiple scleritics. Psychosomatic Medicine, 21(1), 8-22.
Banks, P., Cogan, N., Deeley, S., Hill, M., Riddell, S., & Tisdall, K. (2001). Seeing the invisible children and young people affected by disability. Disability & Society, 16(6), 797-814.
Barlow, J., Cullen, L., Foster, N., Harrison, K., & Wade, M. (1999). Does arthritis influence perceived ability to fulfill a parenting role? Perceptions of mothers, fathers, and grandparents. Patient Education and Counseling, 37, 141-151.
Barrett-Lennard, G. T. (1981). The empathy cycle: Refinement of a nuclear concept. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 28(2), 91-100.
Basra, M. K. A., & Finlay, A. Y. (2007). The family impact of skin diseases: The greater patient concept. British Journal of Dermatology, 156, 929-937.
Bentov, L., (1999). Toward a theory of adolescent coping with maternal breast cancer. Journal of Theory Construction & Testing, 3(2), 42-47.
Berkeley Planning Associates. (1997). Parenting with Disabilities. Disability Studies Quarterly, 17, 172-179.
Blackford, K. (1999). A child’s growing up with a parent who has multiple sclerosis: Theories and experiences. Disability & Society, 14(5), 673-685.
Blank, C. W., & Finlayson, M. (2007). Exploring the impact of multiple sclerosis on couples: A pilot study. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 74(2), 134-142.
Blechman, E., & Delamater, A. (1993). Family communication and type 1 diabetes: A window on the social environment of chronically ill children. In R. E. Cole & D. Reiss (Eds.), How do families cope with chronic illness (pp. 1-24). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Buck, F. M., & Hohmann, G. (1981). Personality behavior, values, and family relations of children of fathers with spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Medicine, 62, 432-438.
Buck, F. M. & Hohmann, G. (1983). Parental disability and children’s adjustment. In E. L. Pan, T. E. Backer, & C. L. Vash (Eds.), Annual Review of Rehabilitation (pp. 203-241). New York: Springer.
Champion, K., & Roberts, M. (2001). The psychological impact of a parent’s chronic illness on the child. In C. E. Walker & M. C. Roberts (Eds.), Handbook of clinical child psychology (pp. 1057-1073). New York: Wiley.
Cheung, J., & Hocking, P. (2004). The experience of spousal carers of people with multiple sclerosis. Qualitative Health Research, 14(2), 153-166.
Coates, D., Vietze, P., & Gray, D. (1985), Methodological issues in studying children of disabled parents. In S. K. Thurman (Ed.), Children of handicapped parents: Research and clinical perspectives (pp. 155-180). Orlando: Academic Press.
Compas, B., Worsham, N., Epping-Jordan, J., Grant, K., Mireault, G., Howell, D., & Malcarne, V. (1994). When mom or dad has cancer: Markers of psychological distress in cancer patients, spouses, and children. Health Psychology, 13, 507-515.
Crawford, N. (2003). Parenting with a disability: The last frontier. APA Monitor on Psychology, 34(5), 68.
De Judicibus, M., & McCabe, M. (2004). The impact of parental multiple sclerosis on the adjustment of children and adolescents. Adolescence, 39(155), 551-569.
Diareme, S., Tsiantis, J., Kolaitis, G., Ferentinos, S., Tsalamamios, E., Paliokosta, E., … Romer, G. (2006). Emotional and behavioural difficulties in children of parents with multiple sclerosis. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 15, 309-318.
Duvdevany, I, Buchbinder, E., & Yaacov, I. (2008). Accepting disability: The parenting experience of fathers with spinal cord injury (SCI). Qualitative Health Research, 18(8), 1021-1033.
Farber, R. S. (2000). Mothers with disabilities: In their own voice. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 54(3), 260-268.
Ferguson, P. M. (2001). Mapping the family: Disability studies and the exploration of parental response to disability. In G. L. Albrecht, K. D. Seelman, & M. Bury (Eds.), Experiencing Disability (pp. 373-397). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Fisher, L., & Weihs, K. L. (2000). Can addressing family relationships improve outcomes in chronic disease? Journal of Family Practice, 49, 561-566.
Gan, G., & Schuller, R. (2002). Family system outcome following acquired brain injury: Clinical and research perspectives. Brain Injury, 16(4), 311-322.
Gavaghan, S., & Carroll, D. (2002). Families of critically ill patients and the effect of nursing interventions. Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing, 21(2), 64-71.
Greer, B. G. (1985). Children of physically disabled parents. In S. K. Thurman (Ed.), Children of handicapped parents: Research and clinical perspectives (pp. 131-144). Orlando: Academic Press.
Grue, L., & Laerum, K. T. (2002). “Doing motherhood”: Some experiences of mothers with physical disabilities. Disability & Society, 17(6), 671-683.
Harris, C., & Zakowski, S. (2003). Comparisons of distress in adolescents of cancer patients and controls. Psycho-Oncology, 12, 173-182.
Helegson, V. S., & Reynolds, K. A. (2002). Social psychological aspects of chronic illness. In A. J. Christenson & M. H. Antoni (Eds.), Chronic physical disorders: Behavioral medicine’s perspective (pp. 25-46). Malden, MS: Blackwell.
Hornby, G., & Seligman, M. (1991). Disability and the family: Current status and future developments. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 4(4), 267-271.
Kahle, A., & Jones, G. (1999). Adaptation to Parental illness. In M. Henson, A. J. Goreczny, & M. Hersen (Eds.), Handbook of pediatric and adolescent health psychology (pp. 387-399). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Kissil, K., Nino, A., Jacobs, S., Davey, M., & Tubbs, C.Y. (2010. “It has been a good growing experience for me”: Growth experiences among African-American youth coping with parental cancer. Families, Systems, & Health, 28(3), 274-289.
Kelley, S. D. M., & Sikka, A. (1997). A review of research on parental disability: Implications for research and counseling practice. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 41(2), 105-121.
King, G., Cathers, T., Brown, E., Specht, J. A., Willoughby, C., Polgar, J. M., MacKinnon, E., Smith, L. K., Havens, L. (2003). Turning points and protective processes in the lives of people with chronic disabilities. Qualitative Health Research, 13(2), 184-206.
Knafl, K., & Gilliss, C. (2002). Families and chronic illness: A synthesis of current research. Journal of Family Nursing, 8(3), 178-198.
Korneluk, Y., & Lee, C. (1998). Children’s adjustment to parental chronic illness. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 1, 179-193.
Kuyper, M. & Wester, F. (1998). In the shadow: The impact of chronic illness on the patient’s partner. Qualitative Health Research, 8(2), 237-253.
Lewis, F., & Hammond, M. (1996). The father’s, mother’s, and adolescent’s functioning with breast cancer. Family Relations, 45(4), 456-466.
Lundwall, R. A. (2002). Parents’ perceptions of the impact of their chronic illness or disability on their functioning as parents and on their relationships with their children. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 10(3), 300-307.
McCubbin, H., & Patterson, J. (1983). Family transitions: Adaptation to stress. In H. I. McCubbin & C. R. Figley (Eds.), Stress and the family: Coping with normative transitions (pp. 5-25). New York: Brunner/Mazel.
Morris, T.L., & Edwards, L.D. (2006). Family Caregivers. In I.M Lubkin & P.D. Larsen (Eds.) Chronic illness: Impact and interventions (pp. 253-284). Boston: Jones and Bartlett.
Mukherjee, S., Sloper, P., & Lewin, R. (2002). The meaning of parental illness to children: The case of inflammatory bowel disease. Child Care, Health, and Development, 28(6), 479-486.
Murray, T. J. (2005). Multiple sclerosis: The history of a disease. New York: Demos.
National Institutes of Health. (1996). Time of personal growth. Retrieved from http://www.cc.nih.gov/ccc/patient_education/pepubs/copechron.pdf.
Nelson, E., & White, D. (2002). Children’s adjustment during the first year of a parent’s cancer diagnosis. Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 20(1), 15-36.
Newman, T. (2002). “Young carers” and disabled parents: Time for a change of direction? Disability & Society, 17(6), 613-625.
Nichols, K. (1987). Chronic physical disorder in adults. In J. Orford (Ed.), Coping with disorder in the family (pp. 62-85). London: Croom Helm.
O’Connor, E. J., McCabe, M. P., & Firth, L. (2008). The impact of neurological illness on marital relationships. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 34, 115-132.
Olsen, R., & Clarke, H. (2003). Parenting and Disability: Disabled parents’ experiences of raising children. Bristol, UK: Policy Press.
Olsen, D., Russell, C., & Sprengkle, D. (1984). Circumplex model of marital and family systems: Vol. 1. Theoretical update. In D. Olson & P. Miller, (Eds.), Family Studies Review Yearbook (Vol. 2). New Delhi: Sage.
Osborn, T. (2007). The psychosocial impact of parental cancer on children and adolescents: A systematic review. Psycho-Oncology, 16, 11-126.
Padula, M. (1995). Assessment issues in families of individuals with disabilities. In J. Conoley & E. Werth (Eds.), Family Assessment (pp. 261-284). Lincoln, NE: Buros Institute of Mental Measurement.
Patterson, J., & Garwick, A. (1994). Levels of meaning in family stress theory. Family Process, 33, 287-304.
Pederson, S., & Revenson, T. (2005). Parental illness, family functioning, and adolescent well-being: A family ecology framework to guide research. Journal of Family Psychology, 19(3), 404-409.
Peters, L., & Esses, L. (1985). Family environment as perceived by children with a chronically ill parent. Journal of Chronic Diseases, 38(4), 301-308.
Pollock, S., Christian, B., & Sands, D. (1990). Responses to chronic illness: Analysis of psychological and physiological adaptation. Nursing Research, 39(5), 300-304.
Power, P., & Dell Orto, A. (2004). Families living with chronic illness and disability: Interventions, challenges, and opportunities. New York: Springer Publishing.
Prilleltensky, O. (2004). My child is not my career: Mothers with physical disabilities and the well-being of children. Disability & Society, 19(3), 209-223.
Rehm, R., & Catanzaro, M. (1998). "It's just a fact of life": Family member's perceptions of parental chronic illness. Journal of Family Nursing, 4, 21-41.
Reiss, D. (1986). Family systems: Understanding the family through its response to chronic illness. In W. Yogman & T. B. Brazelton (Eds.), In support of families (pp. 13-28), Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Reiss, D., Steinglass, P., & Howe, G. (1993). The family’s organization around the illness. In R. E. Cole & D. Reiss (Eds.), How do families cope with chronic illness (pp. 173-214). Hillsdale, New Jersey: Erlbaum.
Romano, M. (1984). The impact of disability on family and society. In J. V. Basmajian (Ed.), Foundations of medical rehabilitation (pp. 273-276). Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.
Romer, G., Barkman, C., Schulte-Markwort, M., Thomalla, G., & Riedesser, P. (2002). Children of somatically ill parents: A methodological review. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 7(1), 17-38.
Roy, R. (1990). Consequences of parental illness on children: A review. Social Work and Social Sciences Review, 2(2), 109-121.
Rustad, L. (1984). Family adjustment to chronic illness and disability in mid-life. In M. Eisenberg, L. Sutkin, & M. Jansen (Eds.), Chronic illness and disability through the life span: Effects on self and family (pp. 222-242). New York: Springer.
Segrin, C., & Flora, J. (2005). Family Communication. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Sherman, T., Rapport, L., Hanks, R., Ryan, K., Keenan, P., Khan, O., & Lisak, R. (2007). Predictors of well-being among significant others of persons with multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis, 13, 238-249.
Sidell, N. (1997). Adult adjustment to chronic illness: A review of the literature. Health & Social Work, 22(1), 5-12.
Smith, S., & Soliday, E. (2001). The Effects of Parental Chronic Kidney Disease on the Family. Family Relations, 50(2), 171-177.
Stuifbergen, A. (1990). Patterns of functioning in families with a chronically ill parent: An exploratory study. Research in Nursing & Health, 13, 35-44.
Telford, K., Kralik, D., & Koch, T. (2006). Acceptance and denial: Implications for people adapting to chronic illness: Literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 55(4), 457-464.
Thorne, S. E. (1990). Mothers with chronic illness: A predicament of social construction. Health Care for Women International, 11, 209-221.
Thorne, S., Paterson, B., Acorn, S., Canam, C., Joachim, G., & Jillings, C. (2002). Chronic illness experience: Insights from a qualitative meta-study. Qualitative Health Research, 12(4), 437-452.
Watson, M. St. James-Roberts, I., Ashley, S., Tilney, C., Brougham, B., Edwards, L., Baldus, C., & Romer, G. (2006). Factors associated with emotional and behavioural problems among school age children of breast cancer patients. British Journal of Cancer, 94, 43–50.
White, D. M. (1998). Treating the family with multiple sclerosis. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, 9(3), 675-687.
Archive of Physical and Medical Rehabilitation, 83, 24-30.
American Association on Health and Disability. (2009). Training of health care professionals on issues facing people with disabilities. Retrieved from http://www.aahd.us/page.php?msource=search&msearchstr=family&pname =publications/fact_sheets/TrainHCP
Armistead, L., Klein, K., & Forehand, R. (1995). Parental physical illness and child functioning. Clinical Psychology Review, 15(5), 409-422.
Armsden, G. C., & Lewis, F. M. (1993). The child’s adaptation to parental medical illness: Theory and clinical implications. Patient Education and Counseling, 22(3), 153-165.
Arnaud, S. (1959). Some psychological characteristics of children multiple scleritics. Psychosomatic Medicine, 21(1), 8-22.
Banks, P., Cogan, N., Deeley, S., Hill, M., Riddell, S., & Tisdall, K. (2001). Seeing the invisible children and young people affected by disability. Disability & Society, 16(6), 797-814.
Barlow, J., Cullen, L., Foster, N., Harrison, K., & Wade, M. (1999). Does arthritis influence perceived ability to fulfill a parenting role? Perceptions of mothers, fathers, and grandparents. Patient Education and Counseling, 37, 141-151.
Barrett-Lennard, G. T. (1981). The empathy cycle: Refinement of a nuclear concept. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 28(2), 91-100.
Basra, M. K. A., & Finlay, A. Y. (2007). The family impact of skin diseases: The greater patient concept. British Journal of Dermatology, 156, 929-937.
Bentov, L., (1999). Toward a theory of adolescent coping with maternal breast cancer. Journal of Theory Construction & Testing, 3(2), 42-47.
Berkeley Planning Associates. (1997). Parenting with Disabilities. Disability Studies Quarterly, 17, 172-179.
Blackford, K. (1999). A child’s growing up with a parent who has multiple sclerosis: Theories and experiences. Disability & Society, 14(5), 673-685.
Blank, C. W., & Finlayson, M. (2007). Exploring the impact of multiple sclerosis on couples: A pilot study. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 74(2), 134-142.
Blechman, E., & Delamater, A. (1993). Family communication and type 1 diabetes: A window on the social environment of chronically ill children. In R. E. Cole & D. Reiss (Eds.), How do families cope with chronic illness (pp. 1-24). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Buck, F. M., & Hohmann, G. (1981). Personality behavior, values, and family relations of children of fathers with spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Medicine, 62, 432-438.
Buck, F. M. & Hohmann, G. (1983). Parental disability and children’s adjustment. In E. L. Pan, T. E. Backer, & C. L. Vash (Eds.), Annual Review of Rehabilitation (pp. 203-241). New York: Springer.
Champion, K., & Roberts, M. (2001). The psychological impact of a parent’s chronic illness on the child. In C. E. Walker & M. C. Roberts (Eds.), Handbook of clinical child psychology (pp. 1057-1073). New York: Wiley.
Cheung, J., & Hocking, P. (2004). The experience of spousal carers of people with multiple sclerosis. Qualitative Health Research, 14(2), 153-166.
Coates, D., Vietze, P., & Gray, D. (1985), Methodological issues in studying children of disabled parents. In S. K. Thurman (Ed.), Children of handicapped parents: Research and clinical perspectives (pp. 155-180). Orlando: Academic Press.
Compas, B., Worsham, N., Epping-Jordan, J., Grant, K., Mireault, G., Howell, D., & Malcarne, V. (1994). When mom or dad has cancer: Markers of psychological distress in cancer patients, spouses, and children. Health Psychology, 13, 507-515.
Crawford, N. (2003). Parenting with a disability: The last frontier. APA Monitor on Psychology, 34(5), 68.
De Judicibus, M., & McCabe, M. (2004). The impact of parental multiple sclerosis on the adjustment of children and adolescents. Adolescence, 39(155), 551-569.
Diareme, S., Tsiantis, J., Kolaitis, G., Ferentinos, S., Tsalamamios, E., Paliokosta, E., … Romer, G. (2006). Emotional and behavioural difficulties in children of parents with multiple sclerosis. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 15, 309-318.
Duvdevany, I, Buchbinder, E., & Yaacov, I. (2008). Accepting disability: The parenting experience of fathers with spinal cord injury (SCI). Qualitative Health Research, 18(8), 1021-1033.
Farber, R. S. (2000). Mothers with disabilities: In their own voice. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 54(3), 260-268.
Ferguson, P. M. (2001). Mapping the family: Disability studies and the exploration of parental response to disability. In G. L. Albrecht, K. D. Seelman, & M. Bury (Eds.), Experiencing Disability (pp. 373-397). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Fisher, L., & Weihs, K. L. (2000). Can addressing family relationships improve outcomes in chronic disease? Journal of Family Practice, 49, 561-566.
Gan, G., & Schuller, R. (2002). Family system outcome following acquired brain injury: Clinical and research perspectives. Brain Injury, 16(4), 311-322.
Gavaghan, S., & Carroll, D. (2002). Families of critically ill patients and the effect of nursing interventions. Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing, 21(2), 64-71.
Greer, B. G. (1985). Children of physically disabled parents. In S. K. Thurman (Ed.), Children of handicapped parents: Research and clinical perspectives (pp. 131-144). Orlando: Academic Press.
Grue, L., & Laerum, K. T. (2002). “Doing motherhood”: Some experiences of mothers with physical disabilities. Disability & Society, 17(6), 671-683.
Harris, C., & Zakowski, S. (2003). Comparisons of distress in adolescents of cancer patients and controls. Psycho-Oncology, 12, 173-182.
Helegson, V. S., & Reynolds, K. A. (2002). Social psychological aspects of chronic illness. In A. J. Christenson & M. H. Antoni (Eds.), Chronic physical disorders: Behavioral medicine’s perspective (pp. 25-46). Malden, MS: Blackwell.
Hornby, G., & Seligman, M. (1991). Disability and the family: Current status and future developments. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 4(4), 267-271.
Kahle, A., & Jones, G. (1999). Adaptation to Parental illness. In M. Henson, A. J. Goreczny, & M. Hersen (Eds.), Handbook of pediatric and adolescent health psychology (pp. 387-399). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Kissil, K., Nino, A., Jacobs, S., Davey, M., & Tubbs, C.Y. (2010. “It has been a good growing experience for me”: Growth experiences among African-American youth coping with parental cancer. Families, Systems, & Health, 28(3), 274-289.
Kelley, S. D. M., & Sikka, A. (1997). A review of research on parental disability: Implications for research and counseling practice. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 41(2), 105-121.
King, G., Cathers, T., Brown, E., Specht, J. A., Willoughby, C., Polgar, J. M., MacKinnon, E., Smith, L. K., Havens, L. (2003). Turning points and protective processes in the lives of people with chronic disabilities. Qualitative Health Research, 13(2), 184-206.
Knafl, K., & Gilliss, C. (2002). Families and chronic illness: A synthesis of current research. Journal of Family Nursing, 8(3), 178-198.
Korneluk, Y., & Lee, C. (1998). Children’s adjustment to parental chronic illness. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 1, 179-193.
Kuyper, M. & Wester, F. (1998). In the shadow: The impact of chronic illness on the patient’s partner. Qualitative Health Research, 8(2), 237-253.
Lewis, F., & Hammond, M. (1996). The father’s, mother’s, and adolescent’s functioning with breast cancer. Family Relations, 45(4), 456-466.
Lundwall, R. A. (2002). Parents’ perceptions of the impact of their chronic illness or disability on their functioning as parents and on their relationships with their children. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 10(3), 300-307.
McCubbin, H., & Patterson, J. (1983). Family transitions: Adaptation to stress. In H. I. McCubbin & C. R. Figley (Eds.), Stress and the family: Coping with normative transitions (pp. 5-25). New York: Brunner/Mazel.
Morris, T.L., & Edwards, L.D. (2006). Family Caregivers. In I.M Lubkin & P.D. Larsen (Eds.) Chronic illness: Impact and interventions (pp. 253-284). Boston: Jones and Bartlett.
Mukherjee, S., Sloper, P., & Lewin, R. (2002). The meaning of parental illness to children: The case of inflammatory bowel disease. Child Care, Health, and Development, 28(6), 479-486.
Murray, T. J. (2005). Multiple sclerosis: The history of a disease. New York: Demos.
National Institutes of Health. (1996). Time of personal growth. Retrieved from http://www.cc.nih.gov/ccc/patient_education/pepubs/copechron.pdf.
Nelson, E., & White, D. (2002). Children’s adjustment during the first year of a parent’s cancer diagnosis. Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 20(1), 15-36.
Newman, T. (2002). “Young carers” and disabled parents: Time for a change of direction? Disability & Society, 17(6), 613-625.
Nichols, K. (1987). Chronic physical disorder in adults. In J. Orford (Ed.), Coping with disorder in the family (pp. 62-85). London: Croom Helm.
O’Connor, E. J., McCabe, M. P., & Firth, L. (2008). The impact of neurological illness on marital relationships. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 34, 115-132.
Olsen, R., & Clarke, H. (2003). Parenting and Disability: Disabled parents’ experiences of raising children. Bristol, UK: Policy Press.
Olsen, D., Russell, C., & Sprengkle, D. (1984). Circumplex model of marital and family systems: Vol. 1. Theoretical update. In D. Olson & P. Miller, (Eds.), Family Studies Review Yearbook (Vol. 2). New Delhi: Sage.
Osborn, T. (2007). The psychosocial impact of parental cancer on children and adolescents: A systematic review. Psycho-Oncology, 16, 11-126.
Padula, M. (1995). Assessment issues in families of individuals with disabilities. In J. Conoley & E. Werth (Eds.), Family Assessment (pp. 261-284). Lincoln, NE: Buros Institute of Mental Measurement.
Patterson, J., & Garwick, A. (1994). Levels of meaning in family stress theory. Family Process, 33, 287-304.
Pederson, S., & Revenson, T. (2005). Parental illness, family functioning, and adolescent well-being: A family ecology framework to guide research. Journal of Family Psychology, 19(3), 404-409.
Peters, L., & Esses, L. (1985). Family environment as perceived by children with a chronically ill parent. Journal of Chronic Diseases, 38(4), 301-308.
Pollock, S., Christian, B., & Sands, D. (1990). Responses to chronic illness: Analysis of psychological and physiological adaptation. Nursing Research, 39(5), 300-304.
Power, P., & Dell Orto, A. (2004). Families living with chronic illness and disability: Interventions, challenges, and opportunities. New York: Springer Publishing.
Prilleltensky, O. (2004). My child is not my career: Mothers with physical disabilities and the well-being of children. Disability & Society, 19(3), 209-223.
Rehm, R., & Catanzaro, M. (1998). "It's just a fact of life": Family member's perceptions of parental chronic illness. Journal of Family Nursing, 4, 21-41.
Reiss, D. (1986). Family systems: Understanding the family through its response to chronic illness. In W. Yogman & T. B. Brazelton (Eds.), In support of families (pp. 13-28), Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Reiss, D., Steinglass, P., & Howe, G. (1993). The family’s organization around the illness. In R. E. Cole & D. Reiss (Eds.), How do families cope with chronic illness (pp. 173-214). Hillsdale, New Jersey: Erlbaum.
Romano, M. (1984). The impact of disability on family and society. In J. V. Basmajian (Ed.), Foundations of medical rehabilitation (pp. 273-276). Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.
Romer, G., Barkman, C., Schulte-Markwort, M., Thomalla, G., & Riedesser, P. (2002). Children of somatically ill parents: A methodological review. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 7(1), 17-38.
Roy, R. (1990). Consequences of parental illness on children: A review. Social Work and Social Sciences Review, 2(2), 109-121.
Rustad, L. (1984). Family adjustment to chronic illness and disability in mid-life. In M. Eisenberg, L. Sutkin, & M. Jansen (Eds.), Chronic illness and disability through the life span: Effects on self and family (pp. 222-242). New York: Springer.
Segrin, C., & Flora, J. (2005). Family Communication. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Sherman, T., Rapport, L., Hanks, R., Ryan, K., Keenan, P., Khan, O., & Lisak, R. (2007). Predictors of well-being among significant others of persons with multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis, 13, 238-249.
Sidell, N. (1997). Adult adjustment to chronic illness: A review of the literature. Health & Social Work, 22(1), 5-12.
Smith, S., & Soliday, E. (2001). The Effects of Parental Chronic Kidney Disease on the Family. Family Relations, 50(2), 171-177.
Stuifbergen, A. (1990). Patterns of functioning in families with a chronically ill parent: An exploratory study. Research in Nursing & Health, 13, 35-44.
Telford, K., Kralik, D., & Koch, T. (2006). Acceptance and denial: Implications for people adapting to chronic illness: Literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 55(4), 457-464.
Thorne, S. E. (1990). Mothers with chronic illness: A predicament of social construction. Health Care for Women International, 11, 209-221.
Thorne, S., Paterson, B., Acorn, S., Canam, C., Joachim, G., & Jillings, C. (2002). Chronic illness experience: Insights from a qualitative meta-study. Qualitative Health Research, 12(4), 437-452.
Watson, M. St. James-Roberts, I., Ashley, S., Tilney, C., Brougham, B., Edwards, L., Baldus, C., & Romer, G. (2006). Factors associated with emotional and behavioural problems among school age children of breast cancer patients. British Journal of Cancer, 94, 43–50.
White, D. M. (1998). Treating the family with multiple sclerosis. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, 9(3), 675-687.
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Published
Oct 15, 2014
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Research Articles and Essays
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Author Biographies
J.W. Anderson, Assistant Professor of Human Development and Family Resources, Illinois State University
J.W. Anderson is Assistant Professor of Human Development and Family Resources at Illinois State University in Normal, Illinois. He holds a Ph.D. in Educational Psychology and an M.S. in Human development from the University of Alabama.
Caitlin A. Huth
Caitlin A. Huth earned her MS in Nutrition and Dietetics at Eastern Illinois University in Charleston, Illinois.
Susan A. Garcia, Placement Specialist, Western Governor's University
Susan A. Garcia is a Placement Specialist at Western Governor's University in Salt Lake City, Utah.
Jennifer Swezey, Child Life Specialist, Advocate Lutheran General Hospital
Jennifer Swezey, MS, is a Child Life Specialist at Advocate Lutheran General Hospital in Chicago, Illinois.